ANT 533, FALL 2007, Anthropology of Ecotourism and Heritage Conservation

Problem Section Readings for Graduate Students

Week 1: Introduction to graduate section

Week 2: Introduction to the anthropologies of tourism and conservation

- Kathleen Adams, Generating theory, Tourism, and "World Heritage" in Indonesia, Ethical Quandries in an era of tourist Maniad, NAPA Bulletin, No. 23. 

-John Urry. The Tourist Gaze, 2ed., London: Sage, 2002, chapter 1.

-N. Frost & R. Wrangham, "The Environment at the Periphery: Conflicting Discourses on the Forest in Tanimbar, Eastern Indonesia,"  In Ethnographies of Conservation: Environmentalism and the Distribution of Privilege. D. G. Anderson and E. Berglund, eds.  New York: Berghahn, 2003, 51-68

Week 3: Defining environment within the tourism context

-McLaren, Rethinking Ecotravel, ch. 5 from Rethinking Tourism and Ecotravel,  West Port, CN: Kumarian Press, 1998.

-T. Wallace and D. Diamente. Keeping the People in the Parks. NAPA Bulletin No. 23, 2005: 191-218.

-S. C. Stonich. 2005. Enhancing Community-based Tourism Development and Conservation in the Western Caribbean. NAPA Bulletin No. 23, 2005: 77-86.

Week 4: Place, identity and sacred heritage

-Q. E. Castañeda. Between Pure and Applied Research: Experimental Ethnography in a Transcultural Art World. NAPA Bulletin 23, 2005: 87-118.

-Sharon Macdonald. A People's Story: Heritage, Identity and Authenticity. In Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory. Edited by Chris Rojeck and John Urry. London: Routledge, 1997: 155-175.

-S. Kauffman. Selling Lourdes: Pilgrimage, Tourism, and the Mass-Marketing of the Sacred in Nineteenth-Century France. In Being Elsewhere: Tourism, Consumer Culture, and Identity in Modern Europe and North America. S. Baranowksi and E. Furlough, eds. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001, 63-88.

Week 5: Ecotourism and heritage tourism in historical perspective

-C. A. Gunn. Western Tourism: Can Paradise be Saved? New York: Cognizant Communication Corp., 2004: chapters 1 ("Western Tourism: Boom and Strain")  PART 1  and PART 2

-C. A. Gunn. Western Tourism: Can Paradise be Saved? New York: Cognizant Communication Corp., 2004: chapters 9 ("Yellowstone National Park Destination").

-Eric Kline Silverman, "Tourist Art as Crafting Identity in the Sepik River (Papua New Guinea)," in Unpacking Culture: Art and Commodity in Colonial and Postcolonial Worlds, R. B. Phillips & C. B. Steiner, eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999, 51-66

-Michael A Williams, "'When I Can Read My Title Clear': Anti-Environmentalism and Sense of Place in the Great Smokey Mountains," in Culture, Environment, and Conservation in the Appalachian South, Benita J. Howell, ed. Urbana, Il: University of Illinois P., 2002, 87-99.

Week 6: Museums/festivals/guided tours/archaeological sites as focus of heritage representation

-S. Brandes.  Skulls to the Living, Bread to the Dead: The Day of the Dead in Mexico and Beyond. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006, 67-92, ch. 4 ("Tourism and the State")

- Alyssa C. Howe, Queer Pilgrimage: San Francisco Homeland & Identity Tourism

-Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, "Objects of Ethnography,"In  Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display. I. Karp & S. D. Lavine, eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1990, 386-443

-Anka Misetic and Ines Sabotic, "'Days of Radunica': A Street Festival in the Croatian Town of Split," in Festivals, Tourism and Social Change:Remaking Worlds, D. Picard and M. Robinson, eds. Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications, 2006, 119-132

Week 7: Animal encounters, ecotourism and conservation

-J. Desmond, Staging Tourism: Bodies on Display from Waikiki to Sea World. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1999: ch. 7 (Species Tourism)

-Chilla Bulbeck, Facing the Wild. London: EARTHSCAN, 2005: Recapturing Lost Meanings (Ch. 4)

-Steven Parker, "Marine Tourism and Environmental Management on the Great Barrier Reef," in Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st Century, V.L. Smith and M. Rented. NY: Cognizant, 2001, 232-241

-Martin Mowforth and Ian Munt, Tourism and Sustainability: Development and New Tourism in the Third World, 2ed. London: Routledge, 2003, 211-238 (ch. 8, "Hosts and Destinations: For what we are about to receive...)

D. Turton, "The Mursi and the Elephant Question," in Conservation and Mobile Indigenous Peoples: Displacement, Forced Settlement, and Sustainable Development, D. Chatty and M. Colchester, eds., NY: Berghahn, 2002, 97-118.

Week 8: “Fortress conservation” and indigenous peoples: The consequences of the National Park Movement

-Elayne Zorn and Linda C. Farthing, "Communitarian Tourism: Hosts and Mediators in Peru," Annals of Tourism Research, 34:3, 207: 673-689  (When you get to website, scroll down to find the article and click on pdf or html file.)

-R. K. Hitchcock. Cultural, Economic, and Environmental Aspects of Tourism among Kalahari Bushmen. In Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective. Erve Chambers, ed. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1997, 93-128.

-Alison M. Johnson, Is the Sacred for Sale: Tourism and Indigenous Peoples, London: EARTHSCAN, 2006, 164-195 ("Partnerships")

Week 9: “Fortress conservation” and indigenous peoples: The consequences of the National Park Movement: Some case studies from Latin America, Africa, and Asia

-R. K. Hitchcock and R. Brandenburgh. Tourism, Conservation, and Culture in the Kalahari Desert, Botswana, Cultural Survival Quarterly, 14 (2), 1990: http://www.cspubs.org/publications/csq/csq-article.cfm?id=380

-Anja Nygren. Nature as Contested Terrain: Conflicts Over Protection and Local Livelihoods in Rio San Juan, Nicaragua. In Ethnographies of Conservation: Environmentalism and the Distribution of Privilege. D. G. Anderson and E. Berglund, eds. New York: Berghahn Books, 2003, 33-50.

-A. Agrawal. Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005, ch. 1

Week 10: The problem of authenticity

-T. Oakes. Get Real! On Being Yourself and Being a Tourist. In Travels in Paradox: Remapping Tourism. C. Minca and T. Oakes, eds. Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield, 229-250.

-S. Yamashita. Bali and Beyond: Explorations in the Anthropology of Tourism. New York: Berghahn Books, 2003, 72-86.

-Stephen Fjellman, Vinyl Leaves: Walt Disney World and America, Boulder: Westview, 1992, ch. 4

-M. Cohodas. Elizabeth Hickox and Karuk Basketry: A Case Study in Debates on Innovation and Authenticity and Paradigms of Authenticity. In Unpacking Culture: Art and Commodity in Colonial and Post-Colonial Worlds. R. B. Phillips and C. B. Steiner, eds., Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999, 143-161.

Week 11: Race and heritage; heritage and nationalism

-M. Mauzé. "Two Kwakwaka’wakw Museums: Heritage and Politics." Ethnohistory 50 (3), 2003: 503-522.

-C. E. Orser. "The challenge of race to American historical archaeology." American Anthropologist 100 (3), 1999: 661-668.

-M. E. Blakey. "Race, Nationalism and the Afrocentric past." In Making Alternative Histories. The Practice of Archaeology and History in Non-Western Settings.  P. R. Schmidt and T. C. Patterson, eds. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press, 1995, 213-228.

-Johanna Gibson, "Communities Out of Place," in Sustainability and Communities of Place, Carla A. Maida, ed. New York, Berghahn, 2007: 63-81.

Week 12: The politics of environmentalist management practices

 -William J Truesdale, "Appropriate Tourism Impact Assessment: A Case Study of Kaniki Point Resort, Palawan, Philippines," in Hosts and Guests Revisited: Tourism Issues of the 21st Century, V.L. Smith and M. Brent, eds. NY: Cognizant, 2001, 242-256

-A. M. Van Schaardenburgh. Locals and Foreigners: Tourism Development, Ethnicity and Small-Scale Entreprenuership in Cahuita, Costa Rica. In Tourism Development and Local Participation in Latin America. H. Dahles and L. Keune, eds. New York: Cognizant Communications, Corp., 72-85.

-Luis A. Vivanco, Green Encounters: Shaping and Contesting Environmentalism in Rural Costa Rica. New York: Berghahn Books, 2006, ch. 6.

Week 13: Public archaeology, heritage management and applied anthropology

-G. C. Logan and M. P. Leone, Tourism with Race in Mind: Annapolis, Maryland Examines Its African-American Past through Collaborative Research. In Tourism and Culture: An Applied Perspective. Erve Chambers, ed., Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1997, 129-146.

-James Clifford, "Four Northwest Coast Museums: Travel Reflections," In  Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display. I. Karp & S. D. Lavine, eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1990, 212-254.

-A. Mason, "Applied Anthropology and Heritage Tourism Planning: Working for the Western Erie Canal Heritage Planning Commission". In Tourism and Applied Anthropologists: Linking Theory with Practice. T. Wallace, ed., NAPA Bulletin, 23, 2005: 151-169.

Florence E. Babb, "Recycled Sandalistas: From Revolution to Resorts in the New Nicaragua," American Anthropologist, 106:3, 2004: 541-555.

Week 14: Rethinking and redesigning “green” ecotourism development

-B. Farrell. "Tourism as an Element in Sustainable Development: Hana, Maui". In Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism. V. L. Smith and W. R. Eadington, eds., Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992, 115-134.

-S. Aswani and M. Lauer. "Incorporating Fisherman’s Local Knowledge and Behavior into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Designing Marine Protected Areas in Oceania." Human Organization, 65(1), 2006: 81-102.

-G. Wall. "Sustainable Tourism–Unsustainable Development: Environmental and Community Issues." In Tourism Development and Growth: The Challenge of Sustainability. J. Pigram and S. Wahab, eds., London: Routledge, 1997, 33-49.

-R. K. Blamey. "Principles of Ecotourism." In The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism. D. Weaver, ed., Wallingford, CABI Publishing, 2001, 5-23.

- Brent Berlin and Elois Ann Berlin, Community Autonomy and the Maya ICBG Project in Chiapas, Mexico: How a Bioprospecting Project that Should Have Succeeded Failed, Human Organization, 63(4): 472-486.

Week 15: Graduate Research Paper Presentation/Discussion